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To examine whether home-based NeuroTrackerX training improves cognitive performance and modulates brain activity in university-level soccer players.

Twenty-nine male university soccer players were assigned to either an NeuroTracker training group (30 home-based sessions over 9 weeks) or a control group continuing regular activities. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included NeuroTracker performance (3D-MOT), 2-back and 3-back working memory tasks, and EEG recordings (Fz) during n-back task performance.

The NeuroTracker group showed a significant increase in NeuroTracker scores post-training (p < .001), while the control group did not. Performance improved to approximately 128–130% of baseline after ~30 sessions, confirming effective learning in a home-based self-training format.

A significant improvement was observed in 2-back accuracy (p = .045) in the NeuroTracker group only, suggesting transfer to working memory and attentional updating under moderate load. No significant improvements were observed in the more demanding 3-back condition. Both groups responded faster at post-test, likely reflecting practice effects rather than training-specific changes.

During the 2-back task, alpha-band power (Fz) increased significantly post-training in the NeuroTracker group (p < .001). The authors interpret the alpha increase as reflecting improved attentional regulation and neural efficiency (inhibitory gating).

To examine whether improvements in 3D-MOT performance transfer to objective in-game performance outcomes in competitive soccer players.

Youth soccer athletes completed a structured 3D-MOT training program across multiple sessions. Pre- and post-training NeuroTracker performance was measured, alongside objective game performance statistics collected during competitive play to evaluate potential transfer effects.

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While participants demonstrated significant improvements in 3D-MOT speed thresholds following training, no corresponding improvements were observed in match-based performance metrics. These findings suggest that gains in perceptual-cognitive tracking ability may not automatically translate to measurable in-game performance outcomes under competitive conditions.

To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of visual training interventions on improving simple and choice reaction time (RT) in athletic populations.

Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the authors reviewed 18 studies (N = 627 athletes) published between 2010 and 2024. Interventions included stroboscopic training (N = 7), light board training (N = 6), visual occlusion drills (N = 3), and 3D-MOT/NeuroTracker programs (N = 2). Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool

Seventeen of the 18 studies reported statistically significant improvements in reaction time, with gains ranging from 5% to 27%. Choice reaction time showed more consistent improvements than simple RT, suggesting perceptual-cognitive contributions to training effects. Stroboscopic and perceptual-cognitive interventions, including 3D-MOT/NeuroTracker, demonstrated some of the larger reported gains. However, heterogeneity in protocols, limited long-term follow-up, and few ecologically valid transfer measures were noted as key methodological limitations

To assess the usefulness of NeuroTracker (3D-MOT) as a cognitive enhancement tool to overcome the common challenges associated with cognitive training products.

The author conducted a comprehensive review of current literature for cognitive enhancement tools, as well as the specific literature on NeuroTracker to probe its strengths and weaknesses as a research tool. Evidence was also examined for the cognitive domains that NeuroTracker addresses.

NeuroTracker was found to have broad scientific relevant for improving a number of cognitive domains, including information processing, attention, working memory, inhibition, and executive functions. Far transfer effects were found in the following human performance domains: visual information processing in healthy adults, biological motion processing in healthy aging subjects, on-field performance in soccer players, and in attention for populations with neurodevelopmental deficits. The author concluded, that while promising peer-reviewed research exists, more investigations are needed to robustly establish the beneficial effects of this method in the context of cognitive enhancement.

To review the existing perceptual-cognitive research and outline the relevance of NeuroTracker for the performance assessment and enhancement of competitive soccer abilities.

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Several papers published on NeuroTracker were reviewed, including ‘Perceptual-Cognitive Training of Athletes’, ‘3D-Multiple Object Tracking task performance improves passing decision-making accuracy in soccer players’, ‘Visual tracking speed is related to Basketball-specific measures of performance in NBA players’, and ‘Enhancing Cognitive Function Using Perceptual-Cognitive Training’.

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The combined existing research provides significant evidence for the usefulness of perceptualcognitive training to assess and enhance soccer abilities. Cognitive abilities are a significant feature of athletic excellence, and elite soccer players differ in their superior perceptual abilities in comparison to amateur players. NeuroTracker training has been found to improve high-level cognitive abilities known to be central factors in predicting soccer performance. Specifically, research has demonstrated that after just 3 hours of 3D multiple object tracking training, soccer players’ experienced a dramatic reduction in passing errors, from an error rate of 47%, down to just 28%.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the effects of 4-weeks of NeuroTracker training on in-game soccer performance measures.

13 NCAA Division I soccer players were split into trained and control groups. Both groups completed a NeuroTracker baseline. The trained group then completed 10 NeuroTracker training sessions (60 minutes) over a 4-week period. Soccer performance metrics were obtained from WyScout where 2 game averages were examined to compare pre-post-NT performance.

Data analysis revealed a moderate improvement of the trained group over the control group in passing accuracy, a 8.5% increase post-training, versus a 3.5% increase. Small non-significant improvements were also observed for successful actions and short+medium passes for the NeuroTracker trained group.

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To investigate if cognitive training programs can reduce expected cognitive decline associated with aging.

44 participants of 60 years or older were equally divided into an experimental (with NeuroTracker) and a comparative group (without NeuroTracker) and completed 12 training sessions per week. Both groups practiced mnemonic memory training techniques. Pre and post assessments were also conducted, including a a sociodemographic questionnaire, neuropsychological assessment and NeuroTracker pre and post baseline measures.

Both groups experienced some benefits from the memory training, however only the NeuroTracker trained group achieved transfer benefits for attention, reaction time, visual processing speed, episodic, semantic, subjective and working memory as well as aspects of social cognition. The researchers concluded that NeuroTracker with memory training contributed to significantly improved cognitive performance over memory training alone, and that more research should be conducted for elderly populations with and without cognitive deficits.

To investigate the effectiveness of NeuroTracker training with elite volleyball players as a form of off-court cognitive performance training.

43 elite volleyball athletes performed pre—post NeuroTracker baselines, along with several transfer tests. The active group completed an 8-week NeuroTracker training program in-between pre-post tests, which also included volleyball specific dual-tasks. The control group did no NeuroTracker training, but completed regular volleyball training.

Controls showed no change in pre-post NeuroTracker baselines, while the active group approximately doubled their NeuroTracker speed thresholds. Near transfer tests for sustained attention and processing speed showed significant gains for the NeuroTracker group only. A far transfer motor-skill test was used but was of insufficient difficulty to signficantly differentiate the active and control groups. The researchers concluded that NeuroTracker provides an example of an effective method for improving athlete's cognitive capacities with an off-court training intervention.

To investigate playing sports influences cognitive capacities measured by NeuroTracker, as well as to see if such effects differs between young males and females.

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72 individuals aged 16 to 22 were split into 4 groups: male athletes, female athletes, male non-athletes and female non-athletes. All groups performed 15 sessions of NeuroTracker (approximately 90-mins) over 5 weeks.

All groups showed significant improvements across the NeuroTracker training. Initially, male athletes demonstrated higher performance compared to their female counterparts and non-athletes. The female athletes also maintained consistently higher scores than male non-athletes, as did male athletes over other groups. Overall, a clear cognitive advantage was associated with engaging in sports.